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Why Is Kafka The First Choice For Microservices?

“Kafka is an event streaming platform used for reading and writing data that makes it easy to connect Microservices.’

When you’re setting up a Microservice Architecture, one of your first major decisions is whether to have the services communicate directly with each other, or whether to use a broker system. Since the broker model is more flexible and failure-resistant, it’s likely you’ve more or less decided to choose that. However, you may be concerned that the broker will become a bottleneck in the system if traffic is heavy.

Apache Kafka, a distributed, partitioned commit log service that acts as a messaging system but with a flair all its own. Developed at LinkedIn to ingest event data, Kafka is designed to collect, hold and dispense enormous amounts of data.

What Is Apache Kafka

Kafka has numerous advantages. Today, Kafka is used by over 80% of the Fortune 100 across virtually every industry, for countless use cases big and small. It is the de facto technology developers and architects use to build the newest generation of scalable, real-time data streaming applications. While these can be achieved with a range of technologies available in the market, below are the main reasons Kafka is so popular.

Before we go into more depth about the platform, we need to get familiar with some Kafka terms.

  • Event: in Kafka, data is called an event
  • Topic: a topic is an identifier used for organizing events. Producers and consumers can read and write to a topic in real time
  • Producer: Kafka uses producers to publish events to a topic
  • Consumer: these read events from a topic
  • Broker: servers in Kafka are called brokers
  • Cluster: several brokers working together forms a cluster, which protects events from loss. This is critical because events and topics can be replicated across one or more brokers

Kafka-centric Microservice Architecture

Apache Kafka aims to solve the scaling and reliability issues that hold older messaging queues back. A Kafka-centric microservice architecture refers to an application setup where microservices communicate with each other using Kafka as an intermediary.

This is made possible with Kafka’s publish-subscribe model for handling the writing and reading of records. The publish-subscribe model (pub-sub) is a communication method where the sender merely sends events — whenever there are events to be sent— and each receiver chooses, asynchronously, which events to receive.

Kafka-centric Microservice Architectures are often more scalable, reliable, and secure than traditional monolithic application architectures — where one big database is used to store everything in an application.

Let’s take a brief look at why Kafka is a particularly good choice for Microservices.

Why Use Kafka At The Heart Of Your Microservice Architecture

1. The Kafka Ecosystem

Apache Kafka is designed for easy connectivity to a number of open-source systems, and the ecosystem grows year by year. We’d go so far as to say Kafka is at its best when paired with stuff like analytic engines or search systems. With Kafka Connect, you can easily plug Kafka into other data systems, allowing data streams to flow with low latency for consumption or further processing. This way you can expand your architecture to a whole open-source ecosystem of ready-made connectors to various services, almost all of them free.

2. Integration To Existing Systems

Choosing Apache Kafka doesn’t mean throwing out everything you’ve set up before. Combining Kafka with other systems also applies to your existing ones.

You can use Kafka to transport either all of your data, or only a subset, to legacy systems to ensure backwards compatibility or to ensure that you can still use systems you’ve invested in previously.

3. Fault Tolerance And Scaling Through Clustering

Kafka’s clustered design makes it very fault-tolerant and scalable. When message load increases or the number of Kafka consumers changes, Kafka will automatically rebalance the processing load between the consumers. To increase throughput and scale up your services, just add nodes.

Note also that this removes the need for any external High Availability arrangements.

4. Advanced Access Control

The data you process may go to different endpoints, but with Kafka you can manage access to it through one centralized mechanism. Producers and consumers are configured to write to and read from only specified queues. This acts as an efficient access control mechanism, without your having to build a separate authentication structure on top.

You can improve your system’s security by using ACLs to restrict access to business-critical or classified parts. At the same time, though, you can empower people by giving them access to data that they may not otherwise ever see. For example, data scientists could use error reporting and website analytics to analyse their impact on customer satisfaction.

5. Store And Process Any Content

Kafka doesn’t care what the messages it stores contain, so you can use it for any type of content. This means that when your business needs change, you have the freedom to add any types of producers and consumers into the mix. Your business can grow and diversify without further infrastructure investments into service data processing.

Final Thoughts

The strong and scalable Kafka is the best choice for the majority of Microservices use cases. It solves many of the challenges with Microservice orchestration while providing features that microservices strive for, such as scalability, efficiency, and speed. Not only does Kafka provide high availability, but it also ensures that outages are minimized and that errors are handled gracefully with minimal service interruption. The capacity of Kafka to hold data for a specified amount of time is crucial. You can use this feature to rewind and replay events as needed.

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